What Are Neuroendocrine Tumors?
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare malformations, and they start in the hormone-producing cells. These tumors can take place in the stomach, the pancreas or the intestine. Other NETs are over-producing the hormones and they may also present with different symptoms.
Common Causes and Risk Factors
- Inherited disease: Family history of MEN1 or NETs.
- History of smoking or excessive drinking.
- Long-term issues of the gut or pancreas.
- Obesity.
- Age over 50.
Signs and Symptoms
- Erythema or flushing of face.
- Frequent diarrhea.
- Belly pain or bloating.
- Pain/difficulty breathing or wheezing.
- Unexplained weight loss.
- At stage 4, it may also spread to liver and bones with more severe symptoms.
How Dr. Rishi Chadha Diagnoses Neuroendocrine Tumors?
Dr. Chadha uses a step-by-step approach:
Medical History and Physical Exam
He examines your family and personal history including any genetic disease like MEN1, any lifestyle associated factor and GI or pancreatic issues in the past. A physical test examination confirms the existence of abdominal pains, lumps or abnormal hormones.
Blood and Urine Tests
Molecular tests diagnose excessively secreted hormones that could also indicate a NET and identify a deficiency of hormones in blood or 24-hour random urine samples by use of special panels serotonin, gastrin, insulin, and cortisol.
Imaging Studies
- CT and MRI scans provide a detailed view of the pancreas, liver and intestines so as to detect and establish the size of the tumor.
- The 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT is sensitive to a higher receptor activity which is highly expressed in NET cell.
Endoscopic Biopsy
A small fragment of tissue is taken away and a GI tract is looked at visually with the assistance of endoscope. Pathology is done to diagnose the type and grade of NET, hence guiding the targeted therapy.
Multidisciplinary Review
These findings are discussed with a panel of oncologists, radiologists and endocrinologists with the aim of establishing a precise diagnosis and a tailor-made treatment regimen.
What are the neuroendocrine tumors?
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare tumors, and they start to develop in the hormone-producing cells, typically in the stomach, pancreas, intestines, or lungs.
How are NETs diagnosed?
Dr. Chadha uses a blood and urine test, imaging (CT, MRI, PET scan) and, in some cases, endoscopic biopsy as a method of confirming the diagnosis.
What are the common characteristics of NETs?
The symptoms vary with the location of the tumors and the type of secretions since it mainly entails facial flushing, frequent diarrhea, abdominal pain or bloating, wheezing and unexplainable weight loss.
What types of NETs are there?
The commonest are carcinoid tumors (that are common in the gut or lungs) and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs).
Can stage 4 NETs be treated?
Yes. The advanced NETs can be treated using the following methods; Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT), targeted therapy, symptomatic therapy, and palliative care.
What does the NETs treatment appear like?
Treatment may consist of lifestyle and diet modification, somatostatin analogs, targeted therapy, anti-diarrheal and analgesics, minimal invasive treatment, surgery, and PRRT based on the tumor type and stage.
Postoperative recovery after NET surgery How long?
Recovery is fast after laparoscopic removal and most of the patients improve after 1-2 weeks.
Are NETs hereditary?
Some NETs like MEN1 and family history of NETs may pose a risk of getting genetic conditions.
Do I need a special diet?
Yes. The symptoms can be controlled and digest better by eating small low-fat meals, drinking no caffeine or alcohol, consuming fibers and staying well hydrated.
How often are follow-ups done?
The visits are usually done after 3-6 months of your treatment and condition upon treatment plan and your progress.