Ascites occurs when excess fluid accumulates in the abdominal cavity, causing the belly to swell and organs to be compressed. It most often develops from liver disease such as cirrhosis but can also result from heart failure, kidney dysfunction, infections, or certain cancers. Early recognition and management can help relieve symptoms and address the underlying cause.
Ascites can present with a variety of signs, including:
Several conditions can lead to the fluid accumulation seen in ascites:
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In early-stage ascites, you may notice mild bloating, a feeling of fullness after small meals, and slight abdominal swelling that may not be very pronounced.
Yes. With appropriate care-such as a low-salt diet, diuretics, and periodic fluid drainage-ascites can improve significantly or even resolve completely.
Ascites causes firm, shifting fluid under the skin that changes position when you lie down, whereas belly fat remains soft and does not shift.
Malignant ascites is fluid buildup in the abdomen due to cancer, often managed by draining the fluid and treating the underlying malignancy.
Treatment for cirrhotic ascites focuses on managing liver disease, restricting dietary salt, using diuretics, and performing paracentesis if needed.
While rare, untreated ascites can lead to serious complications like spontaneous bacterial peritonitis or bleeding, which can be life-threatening. Early medical care reduces these risks.
Life expectancy varies based on liver function, underlying health, and how promptly treatment begins. Regular follow-up and proper management can improve outcomes.
Most patients do not require surgery. However, some may benefit from a TIPS procedure (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt) or targeted cancer treatments for malignant ascites.
Ascites can recur, especially if the underlying condition persists. Long-term management, including diet, medications, and regular monitoring, helps reduce recurrence.
You can slow progression by limiting salt intake, adhering to prescribed diuretics, avoiding alcohol if you have liver disease, and attending regular follow-up appointments.
