Eosinophilic duodenitis is an inflammatory condition of the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) caused by an excessive buildup of eosinophils-specialized white blood cells that normally help fight infections. When these cells and related mast cells accumulate in the duodenal lining, they trigger swelling, tissue irritation, and disruption of normal digestion.
Symptoms can vary in intensity and may come and go. Common signs include:
The exact trigger isn't always known, but several factors can contribute:
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It is diagnosed through endoscopy and biopsy to confirm eosinophil buildup and inflammation in the duodenum.
Dyspepsia involves indigestion without inflammation or excess eosinophils, whereas eosinophilic duodenitis shows clear inflammatory changes on biopsy.
Yes. Food allergies-common triggers include dairy, wheat, soy, and nuts-often play a key role in eosinophilic duodenitis.
There is no complete cure yet, but targeted treatments can effectively manage symptoms and reduce inflammation.
Yes. Topical or oral steroids are commonly prescribed to reduce swelling and improve symptoms.
Response times vary: some patients notice improvement within days, while others may need several weeks of therapy.
Yes. Biologic therapies can be effective for severe cases, but they require specialist monitoring for safety and efficacy.
Yes. Eosinophilic duodenitis can affect both children and adults, often in the context of other allergic conditions.
Typically, follow-up endoscopies are recommended every 6-12 months to monitor inflammation and treatment response.
Yes. While stress doesn't cause eosinophilic duodenitis, it can exacerbate gastrointestinal symptoms and discomfort.
