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Protein-Calorie Malnutrition

Protein-calorie malnutrition occurs when your body lacks essential protein and calories, leading to muscle loss, weakened immunity, and slow recovery. At GastroDoxs in Houston, Dr. Rishi Chadha offers diagnostics and personalized nutrition plans, supporting patients toward improved strength and health.

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Texas Medical Board
Harris County Medical Society
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Houston Methodist leading Medicine
HCA Houston Healthcare
Rishi Chadha

About the Expert

Dr. Rishi Chadha, MD is a board‑certified gastroenterologist who specializes in preventive gastroenterology, colorectal cancer screening, and minimally invasive endoscopic procedures. He completed his fellowship at Sunrise Health GME in Las Vegas and previously trained in internal medicine at St. Vincent’s Medical Center in Connecticut.

What Is Protein-Calorie Malnutrition?

Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) happens when your body doesn�t get enough protein and calories. This can lead to muscle loss, slow healing, and a weak immune system. In medical records, PCM may be coded under ICD-10 codes E40�E46, depending on severity.

Common Causes and Risk Factors

  • Low appetite or eating disorders
  • Chronic illnesses such as cancer or kidney disease
  • Trouble swallowing or digesting food
  • Aging, poor mobility, or social isolation
  • Limited access to healthy food in certain Houston neighborhoods

Signs and Symptoms

  • Unplanned weight loss
  • Muscle weakness or persistent fatigue
  • Dry, flaky skin or thinning hair
  • Frequent infections or slow wound healing
  • Poor concentration and low overall energy

How Dr. Rishi Chadha Diagnoses Protein-Calorie Malnutrition?

Full Medical History and Physical Examination

Dr. Chadha reviews your dietary intake, unintentional weight changes, appetite patterns, and risk factors such as chronic illness, difficulty swallowing, or limited access to food. He performs a detailed physical exam, assessing muscle bulk, skin turgor, and signs of nutrient deficiencies.

Laboratory Tests

Blood work includes serum albumin and prealbumin to gauge protein status, a complete blood count, and a metabolic panel. These results help classify severity using ICD-10 codes E40�E46 and guide personalized treatment planning.

Anthropometric and Imaging Assessments

  • Body weight and BMI measurements track ongoing weight loss.
  • Bioelectrical impedance or DEXA scan quantifies muscle mass and body composition.

Functional and Strength Testing

Simple measures such as handgrip dynamometry and gait speed assess muscle strength and functional status, providing baseline data to monitor progress over time.

Dr. Rishi Chadha
Treatment

Treatment Options for Protein-Calorie Malnutrition at GastroDoxs

1. Lifestyle and Diet Modifications

  • Protein shakes and smoothies
  • Small, frequent meals with lean meats, eggs, beans, and dairy
  • Nut- and cheese-based snacks or Greek yogurt between meals
  • One-on-one nutrition counseling with our dietitian

2. Medications

  • Digestive enzymes to enhance nutrient absorption
  • Targeted vitamin and mineral supplements to correct deficiencies
  • Appetite stimulants when needed to boost caloric intake

3. Minimally Invasive or Advanced Procedures

  • Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement for those with swallowing difficulties
  • Outpatient, camera-guided procedure for fast, safe access to the stomach
  • Rapid nutritional support when oral intake is inadequate
Rishi Chadha

About the Author

Dr. Rishi Chadha, MD is a board‑certified gastroenterologist who specializes in preventive gastroenterology, colorectal cancer screening, and minimally invasive endoscopic procedures. He completed his fellowship at Sunrise Health GME in Las Vegas and previously trained in internal medicine at St. Vincent’s Medical Center in Connecticut.

Frequently Asked Questions

What causes protein-calorie malnutrition?

Poor diet, chronic illness, or swallowing/digestion problems can all lead to PCM.

How is PCM different from a vitamin deficiency?

PCM means you're lacking overall calories and protein, whereas a vitamin deficiency is missing specific micronutrients.

Can children get PCM?

Yes. Kids with feeding difficulties or chronic health issues are also at risk.

What ICD-10 code is used for severe PCM?

Severe cases usually use the code E43 in the ICD-10 classification.

How long before I feel better?

With the right nutrition plan and follow-up, most patients notice increased energy within 2�4 weeks.

Are feeding tubes permanent?

No. PEG feeding tubes are typically temporary and removed once normal eating resumes.

Will insurance cover treatment?

Yes. Using the appropriate ICD-10 codes (like E43 or E44) helps secure insurance approval.

Can exercise help?

Yes. Light strength training supports muscle rebuilding alongside nutrition therapy.

Is surgery required for PCM?

No. Feeding tubes are placed endoscopically (a minimally invasive PEG procedure), not major surgery.

How do I start care?

Call our Houston office to schedule a visit with Dr. Rishi Chadha at GastroDoxs.

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