What Is Dysphagia?
Dysphagia means trouble swallowing. It can affect people of any age but is more common in adults over 60. Those with dysphagia often feel as if food or liquid is getting stuck in the throat or chest.
Common Causes and Risk Factors
- Neurological events or disorders (stroke, nerve damage)
- Movement disorders (Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis)
- Muscle diseases such as myasthenia gravis
- Structural changes in the esophagus (strictures, tumors)
- Long-term acid reflux (GERD) causing scarring
- Age-related weakening of swallowing muscles
- Surgery or radiation to the head, neck, or chest
Signs and Symptoms
- Coughing or choking when eating or drinking
- Pain or tightness in the throat or chest while swallowing
- A sensation that food or liquid is “stuck”
- Drooling or holding food in the mouth
- Unintended weight loss or signs of dehydration
How Dr. Nghia Nguyen Diagnoses Dysphagia?
Dr. Nguyen uses a step-by-step approach:
Medical History and Physical Exam
He asks about your swallowing symptoms, medical history (strokes, neurological disorders, reflux), medications, and examines your mouth, throat, and neck.
Swallowing Assessment
- Barium Swallow X-ray - visualizes how food and liquid move through your esophagus.
- Video Fluoroscopic Swallow Study - real-time X-ray to detect aspiration or abnormal movement.
Endoscopic Evaluation
Upper endoscopy (EGD) lets Dr. Nguyen directly view the esophagus, identify strictures or growths, and obtain biopsies if needed.
Esophageal Manometry
This test measures the strength and coordination of your esophageal muscles during swallowing to diagnose motility disorders.
Additional Testing (if needed)
pH monitoring for reflux assessment, CT imaging for structural evaluation, or specialized swallow studies in collaboration with speech therapy.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is dysphagia?
Dysphagia refers to difficulty swallowing. It can affect your ability to swallow solids, liquids, or both, and may feel like food is stuck in your throat or chest.
What causes dysphagia?
Common causes include acid reflux, esophageal strictures, stroke, neurological conditions, and disorders like achalasia or eosinophilic esophagitis.
Is dysphagia serious?
Yes. While occasional difficulty may not be alarming, persistent dysphagia can lead to malnutrition, dehydration, or aspiration pneumonia if left untreated.
How is dysphagia diagnosed?
Diagnosis may include upper endoscopy (EGD), barium swallow X-ray, esophageal manometry, or pH testing to evaluate swallowing function and rule out blockages or reflux.
What treatments are available?
Treatment depends on the cause and may include dietary modifications, swallowing therapy, dilation procedures, acid-suppressing medications, or surgery in severe cases.
What foods should I avoid if I have dysphagia?
Avoid dry, tough, or sticky foods. Soft, moist meals and thickened liquids are often easier to swallow. Your doctor or dietitian can guide you on the best diet.
Can dysphagia be cured?
Some types of dysphagia can be cured or significantly improved with treatment. Others may require ongoing management to ensure safe and comfortable eating.
