What Is Hematemesis?
Hematemesis is the vomiting of blood-bright red or -coffee-ground- in appearance-originating from bleeding in the upper digestive tract (esophagus or stomach). The ICD-10 code is K92.0.
Common Causes and Risk Factors
- Peptic ulcers in the stomach or duodenum
- Gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining)
- Esophageal varices (swollen veins due to liver disease)
- Mallory-Weiss tears from forceful vomiting
- Use of NSAIDs or blood-thinning medications
- Heavy alcohol consumption or chronic liver disease
Signs and Symptoms
- Vomiting bright red blood or dark -coffee-ground- material
- Nausea, frequent gagging, or retching
- Abdominal pain or cramping
- Lightheadedness, dizziness, or fainting
- Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) or low blood pressure
Expert Treatment for Hematemesis by Dr. Bharat Pothuri
Dr. Pothuri uses a step-by-step approach:
Medical History and Physical Exam
He reviews your history of vomiting blood or coffee-ground material, character and timing of epigastric pain, medication use (NSAIDs, anticoagulants), alcohol intake and prior GI issues.
Blood Tests
Complete blood count to assess blood loss, liver function tests (AST, ALT, bilirubin), coagulation profile (INR/PTT) and H. pylori serology if ulcers are suspected.
Endoscopic Evaluation
- Upper endoscopy (EGD) to directly visualize bleeding sites-ulcers, varices, Mallory-Weiss tears-and perform hemostatic therapy (clips, bands or injections).
Imaging Studies
- Abdominal ultrasound to evaluate liver disease or portal hypertension.
- Contrast-enhanced CT scan to identify active bleeding, masses or pancreatitis if pain is severe.
Advanced Testing (if needed)
Angiography or tagged red-cell scan for intermittent bleeding not seen on endoscopy, and-rarely-a biopsy to rule out malignant lesions.
Frequently Asked Questions
What causes hematemesis?
Vomiting blood often stems from stomach ulcers, gastritis, esophageal varices, or Mallory-Weiss tears. NSAIDs, blood thinners, and heavy alcohol use can also trigger bleeding.
When should I go to the ER?
Seek emergency care if you're vomiting large amounts of blood, feel faint or lightheaded, have a rapid heartbeat, or show signs of low blood pressure.
How is the cause diagnosed?
Dr. Pothuri takes a detailed history, orders blood and liver tests, and performs an upper endoscopy. CT scans or ultrasounds may be used to locate and assess bleeding.
Can lifestyle changes help?
Yes. Avoid NSAIDs, alcohol, caffeine, and spicy foods. Eat small, frequent meals and practice stress-reduction to support healing.
What if I have nausea too?
You'll receive anti-nausea medications alongside acid-blocking drugs and protective agents to soothe your stomach lining.
How long does recovery take?
Recovery time varies by cause and severity. Most patients notice significant improvement within a few days of treatment and dietary adjustments.
What's the ICD-10 code for hematemesis?
The ICD-10 code for hematemesis is K92.0.