What Is Ascites?
Ascites is the accumulation of excess fluid in the space between your abdominal organs and the inner lining of your belly. It most often indicates an underlying problem with the liver or other organs.
Common Causes and Risk Factors
- Cirrhosis (scarring of the liver)
- Heart failure (reduced pumping efficiency)
- Kidney disease (impaired fluid balance)
- Abdominal cancers (fluid leakage from tumors)
- Low blood protein (hypoalbuminemia)
- Other risks: hepatitis, obesity, high blood pressure, heavy alcohol use
Signs and Symptoms
- Abdominal swelling or a feeling of tightness
- Rapid weight gain over days or weeks
- Shortness of breath, especially when lying flat
- Loss of appetite or feeling full after small meals
- Swelling in legs, ankles, or feet (edema)
- General fatigue or weakness
Expert Treatment for Ascites by Dr. Bharat Pothuri
Dr. Pothuri uses a step-by-step approach:
Medical History and Exam
He reviews your medical history, alcohol and medication use, and risk factors for liver, heart, or kidney disease. During the physical exam, he checks for abdominal distension, shifting dullness, fluid wave, and peripheral edema.
Blood Tests
We assess liver function (AST, ALT, bilirubin), kidney function (BUN, creatinine), serum electrolytes, albumin, and coagulation parameters to determine organ status and protein levels.
Imaging Studies
- Abdominal ultrasound evaluates the volume of fluid, liver texture, spleen size, and portal vein diameter.
- CT scan offers detailed images to rule out malignancy, detect nodules, or assess other abdominal organs.
Advanced Testing (if needed)
Paracentesis allows in-office fluid drainage and analysis. We measure the serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG), cell count, cytology, and cultures to distinguish between portal hypertension, infection, or malignancy.
Frequently Asked Questions
What causes ascites?
Ascites is most often caused by liver cirrhosis. Other causes include heart failure, kidney disease, and certain cancers.
What are the common symptoms of ascites?
Symptoms include a swollen, tight abdomen, rapid weight gain, discomfort, shortness of breath, and reduced appetite.
How is ascites diagnosed?
Doctors use physical exams, ultrasound or CT imaging, and sometimes fluid sampling (paracentesis) to confirm ascites and find its cause.
What treatments are available for ascites?
Treatment options include sodium restriction, diuretic medications, therapeutic paracentesis, and addressing the underlying condition (e.g., liver disease).
Can dietary changes help manage ascites?
Yes. A low-sodium diet helps reduce fluid buildup. Your doctor or dietitian can provide a tailored meal plan.
What is the outlook for someone with ascites?
Prognosis depends on the underlying cause. Managing liver health, adhering to treatment, and regular monitoring can improve outcomes.