Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a very common virus that infects the skin and mucous membranes. There are over 100 types of HPV: some cause harmless warts on hands, feet, or the genital area, while others can lead to changes in cervical, anal, or throat cells that may become cancerous over time.
Many people with HPV never develop noticeable symptoms. When symptoms do appear, they vary by strain:
HPV spreads primarily through direct skin-to-skin contact, most often during sexual activity. Key risk factors include:
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HPV (human papillomavirus) is a group of more than 100 related viruses that infect the skin and mucous membranes; some types cause warts while others are linked to cancers.
Studies show that over 80% of adults will acquire at least one HPV type by age 50.
HPV type 16 in women may lead to abnormal cervical cell changes (detected on a Pap test), irregular vaginal bleeding, or pelvic pain.
The vaccine is most effective when given before exposure to HPV-typically between ages 9 and 26-so immunization beyond that age offers less benefit.
Yes. While there is no routine screening for men, doctors can diagnose genital warts visually and may use HPV DNA tests on swabs from affected areas.
HPV is diagnosed through cervical Pap tests, HPV DNA testing, and visual examination of warts on the skin or mucous membranes.
In many cases, a healthy immune system clears HPV naturally within about two years without any treatment.
Certain high-risk HPV types can cause cervical, anal, throat, and other cancers if persistent and left untreated.
Untreated HPV may allow warts to grow and abnormal cells to progress, potentially developing into precancerous lesions or cancer.
Prevention strategies include HPV vaccination, consistent condom use, limiting the number of sexual partners, and routine cervical screenings (Pap and HPV tests).