What Is Pancreatic Insufficiency?
Pancreatic insufficiency, also called Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI), occurs when your pancreas doesn-t produce enough digestive enzymes. Without these enzymes, your body can-t properly break down fats, proteins, or carbohydrates, leading to weight loss, poor nutrition, and gastrointestinal discomfort.
Common Causes and Risk Factors
- Chronic pancreatitis (long-term inflammation of the pancreas)
- Cystic fibrosis (a genetic condition affecting enzyme production)
- Pancreatic surgery or trauma
- Type 3c diabetes (pancreatogenic diabetes)
- Advanced age
- Smoking or heavy alcohol use
Signs and Symptoms
- Greasy, foul-smelling stools (steatorrhea)
- Gas, bloating, or abdominal cramps
- Unintentional weight loss
- Fatigue or general weakness
- Deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K)
- Loose stools or chronic diarrhea
How Dr. Rishi Diagnoses Pancreatic Insufficiency?
Step 1: Medical History & Physical Exam
Dr. Chadha reviews your symptoms (weight loss, steatorrhea, bloating), family history (cystic fibrosis, pancreatitis), lifestyle factors (alcohol, smoking), and any past pancreatic surgery.
Step 2: Laboratory Tests
- Fecal Elastase-1 - measures pancreatic enzyme output
- 72-Hour Stool Fat Test - quantifies fat malabsorption
- Blood Panel - checks levels of vitamins A, D, E, K and rules out other causes
Step 3: Cross-Sectional Imaging
- Abdominal Ultrasound - initial look for calcifications or duct dilation
- CT Scan - detailed view of pancreatic structure and inflammation
- MRCP (Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography) - visualizes ducts, often with secretin stimulation
Step 4: Endoscopic Evaluation (as needed)
- Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) - high-resolution imaging of pancreatic tissue and ducts
- ERCP - both diagnostic and therapeutic for ductal blockages
Step 5: Nutritional & Functional Assessment
A dietitian collaborates to document dietary intake, identify malabsorption patterns, and plan enzyme dosing trials.
Frequently Asked Questions
What's the difference between EPI and pancreatic insufficiency?
They're the same. EPI stands for Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency.
How fast do enzymes work?
Most people feel better within a few days of starting them.
Are there side effects?
Some people may feel mild stomach cramps, but it's rare.
Can diet alone fix EPI?
No. Diet helps, but enzyme pills are usually needed.
Will I need blood tests?
Yes. They help check vitamin levels and track your progress.
Will I need surgery?
Not usually. Most people get better with pills and diet.
How do I get enzyme medicine?
Dr. Chadha writes a prescription for you and adjusts it if needed.
Is EPI a long-term condition?
Sometimes. Treatment may change over time based on your health.
Can kids get EPI?
Yes-especially with cystic fibrosis. We refer to pediatric specialists if needed.
Where can I learn more?
Visit the Pancreas Foundation: pancreasfoundation.org