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Pancreatic Insufficiency

Pancreatic insufficiency, or EPI, occurs when the pancreas fails to produce enough digestive enzymes, leading to poor nutrient absorption, weight loss, and gastrointestinal discomfort. At GastroDoxs in Houston, Dr. Rishi Chadha offers evaluation, treatment, and support to restore digestive health.

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Texas Medical Board
Harris County Medical Society
American College of Gastroenterology
American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
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Houston Methodist leading Medicine
HCA Houston Healthcare
Rishi Chadha

About the Expert

Dr. Rishi Chadha, MD is a board‑certified gastroenterologist who specializes in preventive gastroenterology, colorectal cancer screening, and minimally invasive endoscopic procedures. He completed his fellowship at Sunrise Health GME in Las Vegas and previously trained in internal medicine at St. Vincent’s Medical Center in Connecticut.

What Is Pancreatic Insufficiency?

Pancreatic insufficiency, also called Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI), occurs when your pancreas doesn-t produce enough digestive enzymes. Without these enzymes, your body can-t properly break down fats, proteins, or carbohydrates, leading to weight loss, poor nutrition, and gastrointestinal discomfort.

Common Causes and Risk Factors

  • Chronic pancreatitis (long-term inflammation of the pancreas)
  • Cystic fibrosis (a genetic condition affecting enzyme production)
  • Pancreatic surgery or trauma
  • Type 3c diabetes (pancreatogenic diabetes)
  • Advanced age
  • Smoking or heavy alcohol use

Signs and Symptoms

  • Greasy, foul-smelling stools (steatorrhea)
  • Gas, bloating, or abdominal cramps
  • Unintentional weight loss
  • Fatigue or general weakness
  • Deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K)
  • Loose stools or chronic diarrhea

How Dr. Rishi Diagnoses Pancreatic Insufficiency?

Step 1: Medical History & Physical Exam

Dr. Chadha reviews your symptoms (weight loss, steatorrhea, bloating), family history (cystic fibrosis, pancreatitis), lifestyle factors (alcohol, smoking), and any past pancreatic surgery.

Step 2: Laboratory Tests

  • Fecal Elastase-1 - measures pancreatic enzyme output
  • 72-Hour Stool Fat Test - quantifies fat malabsorption
  • Blood Panel - checks levels of vitamins A, D, E, K and rules out other causes

Step 3: Cross-Sectional Imaging

  • Abdominal Ultrasound - initial look for calcifications or duct dilation
  • CT Scan - detailed view of pancreatic structure and inflammation
  • MRCP (Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography) - visualizes ducts, often with secretin stimulation

Step 4: Endoscopic Evaluation (as needed)

  • Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) - high-resolution imaging of pancreatic tissue and ducts
  • ERCP - both diagnostic and therapeutic for ductal blockages

Step 5: Nutritional & Functional Assessment

A dietitian collaborates to document dietary intake, identify malabsorption patterns, and plan enzyme dosing trials.

Dr. Rishi Chadha
Treatment

Treatment Options for Pancreatic Insufficiency with Dr. Rishi Chadha

1. Personalized Treatment Plans

  • Comprehensive evaluation of symptoms, lab results, and imaging
  • Tailored digestive enzyme replacement dosing (PERT)
  • Ongoing adjustment of therapy based on symptom relief and nutritional status
  • Coordination with dietitians and nurses for holistic support

2. Food and Lifestyle Modifications

  • Eat smaller, more frequent meals to ease digestion
  • Choose healthy, easily digestible fats and proteins
  • Maintain adequate hydration by drinking water throughout the day
  • Avoid alcohol and smoking to reduce pancreatic stress
  • Work with a dietitian experienced in EPI to optimize nutrient intake

3. Medications and Supplements

  • Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) to improve fat, protein, and carb absorption
  • Fat-soluble vitamin supplements (A, D, E, K) and B12 to correct deficiencies
  • Acid-reducing agents (PPIs or H2 blockers) for reflux or persistent heartburn
  • Regular monitoring of vitamin levels and nutritional markers

4. Advanced Minimally Invasive Procedures (as needed)

  • Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) to assess ductal blockages or tissue changes
  • Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) to clear stones or strictures
  • Targeted nerve-sparing techniques to manage chronic pain from pancreatitis
  • Close follow-up to avoid major surgery whenever possible
Rishi Chadha

About the Author

Dr. Rishi Chadha, MD is a board‑certified gastroenterologist who specializes in preventive gastroenterology, colorectal cancer screening, and minimally invasive endoscopic procedures. He completed his fellowship at Sunrise Health GME in Las Vegas and previously trained in internal medicine at St. Vincent’s Medical Center in Connecticut.

Frequently Asked Questions

What's the difference between EPI and pancreatic insufficiency?

They're the same. EPI stands for Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency.

How fast do enzymes work?

Most people feel better within a few days of starting them.

Are there side effects?

Some people may feel mild stomach cramps, but it's rare.

Can diet alone fix EPI?

No. Diet helps, but enzyme pills are usually needed.

Will I need blood tests?

Yes. They help check vitamin levels and track your progress.

Will I need surgery?

Not usually. Most people get better with pills and diet.

How do I get enzyme medicine?

Dr. Chadha writes a prescription for you and adjusts it if needed.

Is EPI a long-term condition?

Sometimes. Treatment may change over time based on your health.

Can kids get EPI?

Yes-especially with cystic fibrosis. We refer to pediatric specialists if needed.

Where can I learn more?

Visit the Pancreas Foundation: pancreasfoundation.org

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