What Is Squamous Cell Carcinoma?
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a type of cancer that begins in thin, flat squamous cells lining the skin, throat, lungs, esophagus and other organs. On the skin, it often appears in sun-exposed areas. When it occurs in the throat or lungs, it can cause swallowing or breathing difficulties. Early detection and treatment significantly improve outcomes.
Common Causes and Risk Factors
- Long-term sun exposure leading to skin cell damage
- Smoking or vaping, which raises lung SCC risk
- Heavy alcohol use affecting the mouth and esophagus
- Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types
- Chronic inflammation in the throat or lungs
- Weakened immune system (for example, after organ transplant)
Signs and Symptoms
- Firm red bump or rough, scaly patch on the skin that may bleed
- Persistent sore in the mouth or throat that doesn't heal
- Ongoing cough or hoarseness
- Difficulty swallowing or feeling that food is stuck
- Unexplained weight loss or persistent fatigue
Expert Treatment for Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Dr. Bharat Pothuri
Dr. Pothuri uses a step-by-step approach:
Medical History and Exam
He reviews your symptoms (skin lesions, sore throat, swallowing or breathing difficulties), risk factors (sun exposure, tobacco/alcohol use, HPV), and performs a detailed skin and mucosal exam.
Imaging Tests
- Dermatoscopy to evaluate suspicious skin bumps or patches.
- Endoscopy (with high-definition imaging) to visualize esophageal or throat lesions.
- CT or MRI scans to assess tumor size, depth, and any lymph node involvement.
Tissue Biopsy
A small sample is obtained-shave or punch biopsy for skin lesions, forceps or needle biopsy during endoscopy for internal sites-and sent for histopathology. ICD-10 codes (e.g., C44.x for skin SCC, C15.x for esophageal SCC) are assigned based on location.
Multidisciplinary Team Review
Results are discussed with dermatology, oncology and radiology colleagues to finalize staging and develop a personalized treatment plan.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma?
Basal cell carcinoma grows slowly and rarely spreads. SCC grows faster and can spread if not treated.
Can lung squamous cell carcinoma be cured?
If caught early, it may be cured with surgery or radiation. Advanced cases may need several treatments.
What is recovery like after endoscopic mucosal resection?
Most people go home the same day or after one night. Recovery takes about one to two weeks.
Is squamous cell carcinoma inherited?
Most cases are linked to lifestyle or environmental factors. A family history may increase your risk slightly.
What do squamous cell carcinoma ICD-10 codes mean?
These codes describe the tumor's location and help with diagnosis, treatment planning, and billing.
Do you treat SCC in the esophagus and lungs?
Yes. Dr. Pothuri treats esophageal SCC at GastroDoxs and collaborates with top lung cancer specialists for lung SCC.
When should I schedule a visit?
If you notice a sore, lump, or other symptom that does not go away, contact our Houston office right away.