What Is Colon Cancer?
Colon cancer begins in the large intestine (colon) when healthy cells start to grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. If not treated early, these cancerous cells can spread (metastasize) to nearby tissues or other organs. Early detection through screening greatly improves treatment success.
Common Causes and Risk Factors
- Age 50 or older
- Family history of colon or rectal cancer
- Personal history of inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis)
- High intake of red or processed meats
- Low-fiber, high-fat diet
- Overweight or obesity
- Physical inactivity
- Smoking
- Heavy alcohol use
Signs and Symptoms
- Often none in early stages
- Blood in the stool or rectal bleeding
- Abdominal pain, cramping, or bloating
- Unexplained weight loss
- Persistent fatigue or weakness
- Changes in bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation, or narrowing of stool)
- Anemia (low red blood cell count)
Expert Treatment for Colon Cancer by Dr. Bharat Pothuri
Step 1: Medical History and Physical Exam
Dr. Pothuri reviews your symptoms, family background, and lifestyle. He performs a physical exam to help rule out other causes and assess your overall health.
Step 2: Colonoscopy
He may recommend a colonoscopy. A thin, flexible tube with a camera is used to examine the inside of your colon. If a growth or polyp is found, a small sample (biopsy) is taken for testing.
Step 3: Imaging Tests
CT scans or MRIs may be ordered to determine if the cancer has spread beyond the colon and to support staging for treatment planning.
Step 4: Blood Work
Blood tests are used to check for anemia and other markers that may indicate colon cancer and help guide your treatment plan.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I know if I might have colon cancer?
Look for blood in your stool, changes in bowel habits, or unexplained fatigue. A colonoscopy is the best way to confirm the diagnosis.
What is the survival rate for colon cancer?
If detected early, the five-year survival rate exceeds 90 percent. Rates vary by stage and overall health.
Can colon cancer spread?
Yes. Untreated colon cancer can metastasize to the liver, lungs, and other organs. Early treatment reduces this risk.
When should I get screened?
Begin screening at age 45 for average-risk adults, or earlier if you have a family history, Crohn's, or ulcerative colitis.
How do I prepare for a colonoscopy?
You'll follow a clear liquid diet the day before and complete a bowel prep to cleanse your colon. Our team provides detailed instructions.
Can healthy habits help prevent colon cancer?
Yes. Eating fiber-rich foods, staying active, avoiding smoking, and limiting alcohol can lower your risk.
What if I was diagnosed late?
Even in advanced stages, options like chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and surgery can improve outcomes and quality of life.