Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (also called Primary Biliary Cholangitis) is a chronic liver disorder in which the small bile ducts inside the liver become inflamed and gradually destroyed. As these ducts are damaged, bile builds up and injures liver tissue over time.
PBC often has no symptoms at first. As it advances, you may notice:
The exact cause of PBC remains unclear, but key factors include:
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PBC is diagnosed through a combination of blood tests (including alkaline phosphatase [ALP] and anti-mitochondrial antibodies [AMA]), imaging studies such as ultrasound or MRI, and sometimes a liver biopsy to assess the extent of liver damage.
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the first-line medication for PBC. It helps improve bile flow, reduces liver enzyme levels, and slows the progression of liver damage.
There is currently no cure for PBC. However, early diagnosis and treatment can control symptoms, slow disease progression, and significantly improve long-term outcomes.
Yes. A low-fat, high-fiber diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help support liver health. Staying hydrated and limiting alcohol intake are also important.
"Cholangitis" refers to inflammation of the bile ducts. In PBC, chronic inflammation gradually damages the small bile ducts within the liver.
Routine follow-up every 3 to 6 months is recommended for blood tests, symptom review, and monitoring of liver function to adjust treatment as needed.
With early detection and proper management, many people with PBC can live for decades. Regular monitoring and treatment help maintain quality of life and delay complications.
Yes. Chronic itching (pruritus) and dry skin are common in PBC due to bile salt accumulation. Treatments include antihistamines, topical creams, and bile-acid-modifying medications.
PBC primarily affects women over age 40 and those with other autoimmune conditions. A family history of autoimmune liver disease also increases risk.
Stage 4 PBC indicates cirrhosis (severe liver scarring). Management focuses on treating complications (ascites, encephalopathy) and evaluating for liver transplantation when appropriate.
