What Is Annular Pancreas?
Annular pancreas is a rare congenital condition in which a ring of pancreatic tissue wraps around the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). This encircling tissue can pinch or block the intestine, leading to feeding and digestive problems. Some individuals remain symptom-free, while others especially infants may require surgery to relieve the obstruction.
Common Causes and Risk Factors
- Congenital birth defect : the pancreas develops around the duodenum instead of alongside it
- Family history : genetic predisposition may play a role
- Associated anomalies : frequently occurs with duodenal atresia or other gastrointestinal defects
- Polyhydramnios in pregnancy : excess amniotic fluid due to impaired fetal swallowing
Signs and Symptoms
- Green or yellow vomiting in newborns
- Poor feeding or failure to thrive in infants
- Abdominal swelling or pain in older children and adults
- Heartburn, indigestion or reflux symptoms
- Excess amniotic fluid detected on prenatal ultrasound
How Dr. Rishi Diagnoses Annular Pancreas?
Dr. Chadha uses a step-by-step approach:
Medical History and Physical Exam
He reviews your symptoms, growth history (in infants), feeding patterns, and performs a focused abdominal exam to detect signs of obstruction or reflux.
Blood Tests
We check for nutritional deficiencies and rule out other gastrointestinal or metabolic causes of vomiting and poor weight gain.
Imaging Studies
- CT Scan - Provides a clear view of the pancreatic tissue encircling the duodenum and any associated narrowing.
- Abdominal Ultrasound or MRI - Offers additional detail, especially useful in infants or when radiation exposure is a concern.
Prenatal Ultrasound (When Applicable)
In utero, a fetal ultrasound may reveal polyhydramnios or duodenal dilation, raising early suspicion for annular pancreas.
Frequently Asked Questions
What causes annular pancreas?
It's a congenital birth defect in which the pancreas forms as a ring of tissue encircling the duodenum instead of developing on one side.
What are the symptoms?
Common signs include vomiting (often green or yellow), poor feeding or slow weight gain in infants, and belly pain, bloating, heartburn, or indigestion in older children and adults.
How is it diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves a medical history and exam, blood tests, and imaging such as a CT scan. Ultrasound or MRI may be used for additional detail, and prenatal ultrasound can pick up warning signs in utero.
What's the difference between annular pancreas and duodenal atresia?
Annular pancreas squeezes and narrows the duodenum but may still allow some passage, whereas duodenal atresia is a complete blockage of the duodenum.
What does a CT scan show?
A CT scan clearly delineates the ring of pancreatic tissue around the duodenum and any resulting narrowing or obstruction of the intestinal passage.
Can it cause polyhydramnios in pregnancy?
Yes. If the fetal duodenum is obstructed by the pancreatic ring, the baby can't swallow enough amniotic fluid, leading to excess fluid in the womb.
What are the treatment options?
Treatment ranges from dietary adjustments and medications (acid reducers, digestive enzymes) to minimally invasive procedures (endoscopic stenting) or surgery (laparoscopic bypass or open surgical bypass) depending on severity.
How long is recovery after surgery?
Most patients stay in the hospital 2-5 days, gradually resume eating, and reach a normal diet within a few weeks.
Can dietary changes help reduce symptoms?
Yes. Eating smaller, more frequent meals of soft, low-fat foods and avoiding spicy or carbonated drinks can ease discomfort and improve digestion.