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Iron Deficiency
Iron is an essential mineral that supports oxygen transport, energy production, immune defense. The NIH Office of Dietary Supplements offers science-based guidance on iron's dietary sources, recommended intakes, absorption enhancers and inhibitors, and practical strategies to maintain healthy iron levels.
Dr. Scott Liu, MD, is a board-certified gastroenterologist with over six years of experience and a background in military medicine. He earned his medical degree from the University of Maryland, Baltimore, completed his Internal Medicine residency at Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, and finished his Gastroenterology fellowship through the National Capital Consortium. Dr. Liu provides comprehensive care for a broad range of digestive conditions, including abdominal pain, acid reflux, liver disease, chronic diarrhea, and colon cancer screening. He is a member of the American College of Gastroenterology and is known for his disciplined, patient-focused approach and clear communication.
Common Causes and Risk Factors
Inadequate dietary intake of iron (low consumption of red meat, beans, or leafy greens)
Chronic blood loss (heavy menstrual bleeding, ulcers, hemorrhoids, or gastrointestinal bleeding)
Gastric surgery or bariatric procedures that reduce iron absorption
Increased iron demands during pregnancy, infancy, adolescence, or endurance training
Parasitic infections (hookworm) or other causes of intestinal blood loss
Signs and Symptoms
Persistent fatigue or generalized weakness
Pale skin, lips, or nail beds
Shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, or chest discomfort with activity
Headaches, dizziness, or lightheadedness
Restless legs syndrome or unusual cravings (pica), such as ice or dirt
Brittle nails, hair loss, or feeling cold in the hands and feet
How Dr. Scott Diagnoses Iron Deficiency?
Dr. Scott uses a step-by-step approach:
Medical History and Exam
He reviews your diet (red meat, beans, greens), menstrual or bleeding history, GI symptoms (ulcers, celiac), past surgeries, and risk factors for malabsorption.
Blood Tests
He orders:
Complete Blood Count (CBC) to assess hemoglobin and red cell indices
Ferritin, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and transferrin saturation
Endoscopy or Colonoscopy (if indicated)
Upper endoscopy to inspect for gastric bleeding, ulcers, or malabsorption signs
Colonoscopy to evaluate the lower GI tract for polyps, hemorrhoids, or colitis
Advanced Imaging or Tests
When small-bowel sources are suspected, he may use CT enterography or video capsule endoscopy.
Treatment
Our Team offers a full range of care for iron deficiency.
1. Diet and Lifestyle Tips
Eat more red meat, poultry, fish, beans, and fortified cereals
Include vitamin C-rich foods (oranges, bell peppers) to boost iron absorption
Avoid tea or coffee at mealtimes-they can block iron uptake
2. Medications
Oral iron supplements (ferrous sulfate or ferrous gluconate) following evidence-based dosing
IV iron infusions for patients who cannot tolerate pills or need rapid repletion
3. Minimally Invasive Treatments
Argon plasma coagulation to safely stop active bleeding in the GI tract
Endoscopic clipping for precise, same-day control of bleeding lesions
Dr. Scott Liu, MD, is a board-certified gastroenterologist with over six years of experience and a background in military medicine. He earned his medical degree from the University of Maryland, Baltimore, completed his Internal Medicine residency at Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, and finished his Gastroenterology fellowship through the National Capital Consortium. Dr. Liu provides comprehensive care for a broad range of digestive conditions, including abdominal pain, acid reflux, liver disease, chronic diarrhea, and colon cancer screening. He is a member of the American College of Gastroenterology and is known for his disciplined, patient-focused approach and clear communication.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the 3 stages of iron deficiency?
Stage 1 is low iron stores with normal blood counts; Stage 2 is insufficient iron for red cell production; Stage 3 is full iron deficiency anemia.
What is the ICD-10 code for iron deficiency anemia?
The code for iron deficiency anemia, unspecified, is D50.9.
Can I be iron deficient without anemia?
Yes. You can have low iron stores and feel fatigued even before hemoglobin levels fall into the anemia range.
How long does it take to fix low iron?
Oral iron supplements typically raise levels in 6-8 weeks, while IV iron can restore stores in 1-2 visits.
When should I see a specialist?
If you experience persistent fatigue, heavy bleeding, or iron levels that don't improve with diet and supplements, it's time to consult a gastroenterologist.
What foods help with iron deficiency?
Eat iron-rich foods such as red meat, poultry, fish, beans, lentils, spinach, and fortified cereals, and pair them with vitamin C sources to enhance absorption.
