Understanding GERD: Symptoms, Triggers, and Solutions

Written by Dr. Bharat Pothuri, MD, FACG | Updated On 09-03-2025

Learning GERD: Symptoms, Triggers and the Solution

GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) is not an occasional heartburn. It is a long-term digestive condition that causes the stomach acid to go back to the esophagus and destroy the esophage lining. Significant numbers of people are living with GERD, yet they do not know how severe it can be in case of not being treated.

This is a guide to GERD; its definition, symptoms, etiology and management.

GERD and Occasional Heartburn

• Heartburn: Occasionally takes place following some foods.
• GERD: Experienced more than two times per week, persistent symptoms.
• Possible risk: Long-term GERD can lead to inflammation, scarring or precancerous alterations.

Symptoms of GERD

• Chest pain during the post-meal period.
• Liquid in the throat which is sour or acid.
• Strain in swallowing (dysphagia).
• Sore throat or hoarseness or chronic cough.
• Bad smell or tooth loss through exposure to acid.

Who’s at Risk?

• Individuals who are obese or overweight.
• Pregnant women.
• Smokers.
• Those with a hiatal hernia.
• Individuals who have unhealthy diets (high fat diets, excessive eating).

Long-Term Complications

If untreated, GERD can lead to:

• Esophagitis: Inflammation of the esophagus.
• Esophageal strictures: Scar tissue constriction.
• Barrett’s esophagus: Barrett esophagus: This is a benign tumor of the esophagus lining.

Solutions for GERD

Medical Options:

• Antacids for quick relief.
• H2 blockers to inhibit acid secretion.
• Stronger acid inhibitors known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).

Lifestyle Adjustments:

• Avoid known trigger foods.
• Have lower frequency of meals.
• Raise the head when sleeping.

Advanced Solutions:

In the case of severe ones, the surgery or endoscopic therapy can be used to tighten the lower esophageal sphincter.

Conclusion

GERD is not another nuisance, it is something to be taken into consideration. Preventing complications and finding a permanent solution, you can be relieved by detecting symptoms in time and taking appropriate care.

About the Author

Dr. Bharat Pothuri is a Board-Certified Gastroenterologist and Hepatologist. With extensive experience in digestive health, he specializes in advanced endoscopic procedures, chronic GI disorder management, and preventive care. Dr. Pothuri is dedicated to providing expert, patient-focused insights to help improve gut health and overall well-being.